Ion exchange treatment process of wastewater containing cyanide technology ion exchange recovery of gold from the cyanide pulp has been used for many years in the gold mines in our country, there are gold silver Square Huoshan County of Anhui Province, Hebei Province, gold and apply this technology It has a history of about three years. The Huoshan County Gold Mine uses weak base anion resin D301, which is produced by Zhangdian Chemical Plant of Zibo City, Shandong Province. It uses ammonium thiocyanate and sodium hydroxide solution as desorbent, with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. The dilute solution is used as a regenerant. The price of D301 resin is 45,000 yuan/t, and the grade of gold-bearing resin is 20kg/t when the ore grade is 6g/t, which is 3-4 times higher than the grade of gold-loaded gold under the same conditions. Desorption The temperature is controlled at 35 ° C, the desorption rate is up to 99.5% at 24-36 hours, and the consumption of ammonium thiocyanate is about 330 kg / t. Due to the high gold grade and high concentration of precious gold, the cyanide plant with the same conditions adopts the RIP process. At the time, the desorption device is much smaller. Therefore, the investment is much less; since the desorption is carried out at a lower temperature, the power consumption is very low. Therefore, the desorption cost is low. The disadvantage is that the resin has small particle size and low strength. The consumption is more than 100g/t. It causes a large loss of gold and less profit.
Hebei gold silver Square studied using five resin nuclear industry, since ores containing heavy metals such as copper, and therefore do thiourea sulfuric acid desorbent, since the pregnant solution is acidic and having a resistance, electrical equipment used diaphragm cell product, Desorption at 25-30 ° C. The structure of the electrolysis equipment is complex, due to the large consumption of thiourea, the cost is high. It is estimated that the gold mud is also difficult.
Although the RIP process has been used in China for more than four years, it has not been widely promoted. The reasons are not the following:
1. The resin particle size is smaller than that of activated carbon, which is difficult to separate from the pulp.
2. The price of resin is high, generally 4 times of activated carbon. The cost is high.
3. The strength of the resin is not ideal. At present, the consumption of weakly basic anion exchange resin used in China's two mines is less than 100g/t.
4. Recycling of resin. Re-regeneration after desorption, long process and complicated operation.
5. When using thiourea desorption, thiourea consumption is large and the cost is high.
In short, the resin method is mainly the problem of resin particle size and strength and desorption cost. If the process is smooth, the gold loss is small, and the cost is not higher than the activated carbon method, it will be widely used.
I. Determination of Resin Particle Size The resin used at present has a particle size of 0.8-1.2 mm. It is also difficult to separate from the slurry with a 30-mesh sieve. If a resin of 1.2-1.5 mm diameter is used, separation will be easy.
2. The wear resistance of the resin The weak alkaline resin is characterized by low strength. In order to reduce the loss, a strong basic anion exchange resin such as 201×7 or 201×4, which is equivalent to IRA400, should be used. It is widely used in foreign countries and the price is lower. It is 50% cheaper than weak base resin. It is currently 22,000 yuan/t. The price of strong alkali resin is 45,000 yuan/t.
Should test the resin wear strength, compared with activated carbon.
In addition, when the strong alkali resin is desorbed, the consumption of the agent is large and the cost is high, and the strength should not be considered only when selecting.
3. The desorption process of the resin and the desorption of gold on the resin are carried out at 35-60 ° C. Only the equipment is required to be preserved. In addition, the gold production load of the equipment is much higher than that of the carbon desorption. There are now 4 kinds of desorption methods. :
1. Thiourea + sulfuric acid desorption solution 2. Thiocyanate + sodium hydroxide desorption solution 3. Zinc cyanide complex desorption solution 4. Sodium chloride + sodium hydroxide desorption solution China's application of the first two, its characteristics It can desorb strong base anion resin and desorb weak base anion resin, and has high desorption rate. The third kind has the difficulty of recovery and preparation of desorbent, and it is toxic. The fourth kind can only be used to desorb weak base resin. Gold, desorption rate is slow. There is no industrial application.
Therefore, the first two desorbents should be selected. When selecting thiourea + sulfuric acid desorbent, it is necessary to study the electrolysis equipment; when selecting the thiocyanate desorbent, it is necessary to study the regeneration method and process. The cost should be based on the principle.
4. Desorption cost comparison
1 Yinfang Gold Mine Thiourea Method Cost No. Consumption Material Name Quantity g/t Unit Price/t Amount Yuan/t Remarks
1 Thiourea 630 13 8190 Domestic price
2 sulfuric acid 700 0.6 420
3 caustic soda 340 2.5 850
4 Power 1000 0.5 500
5 workers 50 15 750 50 workers 15 yuan / work
6 Water 50 3 150 Water treatment ?
7 Cathode material 500
8 subtotal 11360
2 Huoshan gold mine ammonium thiocyanate method cost
1 Ammonium thiocyanate 350 6.5 2275 1993 price?
2 caustic soda 200 2.5 500
3 hydrochloric acid 100 0.6 600
4 power 1000 0.5 500 including heating
5 workers 60 15 900
6 Water 50 3.0 150
7 Carbon fiber 1 400 400
8 subtotal 45851
3 activated carbon desorption cost
1 sodium cyanide 50 16 800
2 sodium hydroxide 60 2.5 150
3 Salic acid 300 0.6 180
4 Power 4000 0.5 2000
5 workers 50 15 750
6 Water 50 3.0 150
7 steel cotton 6 20 120
8 Laboratory fees 10 18 180
9 subtotal 4330
Under the same conditions of raw ore gold grade, such as gold grade 5g/t, leaching rate 90%, the gold loading grades of the three adsorbents are as follows:
Adsorbent name Yinfang 353E resin Huoshan D301 resin Activated carbon Gold grade 8000 20000 4000
Desorption cost yuan / g 1.42 0.23 1.11
It is worth noting that the gold ore of the Yinfang gold mine is high in gold and copper, so the gold grade is low. The high consumption of thiourea may also be related to heavy metals. If the resin is used to recover gold in low concentration gold-containing wastewater or waste slurry. The gold concentration is 0.05g/m 3 , and the gold grade on the resin and activated carbon is as follows:
Adsorbent name 353E D301 Activated carbon Gold grade 1000 1000 600
Desorption cost yuan / g 11.95 4.83 7.87
It can be seen that the resin method requires the activated carbon method to have a low cost. However, it is necessary to select a suitable desorption method. The desorbent consumption seriously affects the desorption cost, and how to reduce the drug consumption is a research field. Using a weak base resin to improve the electrolysis condition Can play a better role.
5 Our supplementary test results Our supplementary small test results are as follows:
201×7 resin adsorption sodium cyanide sulfate saturation capacity 88 kg/t (dry)
Adsorption thiourea saturation capacity 80kg / t (dry)
As the temperature increases, the rate of gold diffusion from the inside of the resin increases. The desorption rates at 16 ° C and 60 ° C are as follows:
10ml 201×7 100ml water 8g thiourea 1.5ml sulphuric acid Stirred for 2 hours 108.5ml? The concentration of precious gold is 24, 50mg/l.
10ml201×7 100ml water 16g sodium thiocyanate 2g caustic soda 2 hours 108.5ml? The concentration of precious gold is 15,24mg/l.
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