Of rare metals smelter production process generates dust and harmful gas ventilation dust purification, in order to meet health standards and emission standards for engineering design.
Rare Metal smelter dust ventilation design of two main types: one is a process ventilation and dust toxic dust, such as beryllium smelter; the other is treated with dust ventilation radioactive material, such as tantalum, niobium and rare earth smelting smelter Factory and so on.
The design of ventilation and dust removal in the smelting and refining plant is focused on the prevention and control of dust. It is a highly toxic substance, which produces bismuth dust, smog-containing fumes and sulphuric acid mist during the preparation of cerium oxide, metal lanthanum and tantalum. The world's producers have set preventive health standards for alfalfa production. The United States stipulates that: (1) the concentration of radon in the air during the production time of the workshop shall not exceed 2μg/m 3 on average; (2) the concentration of radon in any air in the workshop shall not exceed 25μg/m 3 ; (3) the vicinity of the factory The average monthly concentration in the air must not exceed 0.01 μg/m 3 . The relevant departments of China have also made provisions: (1) The average daily radon concentration in the air in the workshop area shall not exceed 1 μg/m 3 ; (2) The concentration of radon in the residential area shall not exceed 0.01 μg/m 3 ; (3) The concentration of dust in the exhaust vents shall not exceed 15 μg/m 3 .
é“The production process requires process automation and equipment closure. The number of ventilations in the workshop is 15-20 times/h. Negative pressure should be maintained in the workshop, and the air supply volume is less than 20% of the exhaust air volume. According to the different particle size and concentration of the dust produced by different process equipment, the exhaust system is equipped with 2 or 3 stages of filtration and purification. The final stage is generally a bag filter, and the discarded filter material is strictly and properly disposed according to regulations. The height of the concentrated discharge port of the exhaust system is determined by calculation, and the influence of the height of the local inversion layer should be considered.
The harmful substances produced by the process of separation and purification of rare earth compounds, rare earth compounds and rare earth metals and their alloys are mainly fluorine, strong acid, strong alkali, chlorine, hydrogen chloride and organic flux. The tanks that generate harmful gases are partially exhausted, and the wind speed of the hood is generally 0.5 to 1.5 m/s; the equipment for generating dust is provided with an exhaust hood, and the wind speed of the hood is generally 2 to 3 m/s. When the concentration of harmful air containing exhaust gas exceeds the discharge standard, it is usually purified by acid-base neutralization or absorption.
Rare earth minerals are generally associated with natural radioactive elements such as uranium , thorium and radium. In the process of rare earth smelting, the protection of radioactive materials should also be considered (see the design of radioactive protection for rare metal smelters).
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