Technical due diligence plays a crucial role in the success of solar projects across commercial, industrial, and utility-scale applications. Large photovoltaic (PV) systems represent significant capital investments with service lives extending beyond 30 years. If these systems fail to operate reliably or perform as expected, project financiers, owners, and developers risk lower returns on their investments.
Mitigating risks over the lifespan of a PV system goes far beyond meeting basic requirements. As a consulting engineer for project owners and lenders, Pure Power has reviewed numerous underperforming or problematic solar assets that met only the minimum code standards. These experiences have shown that code compliance—while necessary—is just the starting point, not the ultimate goal.
**Understanding Code Compliance**
Like any electrical or structural system, PV installations must adhere to specific codes such as the National Electrical Code (NEC) or the International Building Code (IBC). Meeting these standards is essential for permits, inspections, and limiting liability. However, simply complying with legal minimums does not guarantee quality, reliability, or long-term performance.
At its core, codes are based on past failures, particularly those involving serious safety issues like fires, property damage, or loss of life. While these codes aim to prevent such events, they often do not address factors like efficiency, ease of maintenance, or longevity. The NEC itself states:
> “The purpose of this Code is the practical safeguarding of persons and property from hazards arising from the use of electricity.â€
It also acknowledges limitations:
> “Compliance with this Code and proper maintenance result in an installation that is essentially free from hazard but not necessarily efficient, convenient, or adequate for good service…â€
This distinction is critical. For a PV plant to deliver strong investment returns, it must be efficient, easy to maintain, and built to last.
**Variations Between Code Editions**
Codes evolve slowly, often lagging behind technological advancements. While new editions of the NEC and IBC are released every three years, adoption at the state or local level varies widely. Some jurisdictions adopt the latest versions immediately, while others may still enforce older editions. This can lead to situations where a system is technically compliant but not optimally safe or effective.
In some cases, outdated codes may even hinder the use of newer, more advanced technologies. This highlights the importance of going beyond code compliance when designing and operating solar systems.
**Understanding Best Practices**
Best practices go beyond legal requirements, incorporating proven methods, materials, and research to achieve superior outcomes. They help stakeholders make informed decisions based on metrics like efficiency, reliability, and long-term performance. While best practices can vary depending on business goals, many apply universally.
**Performance Matters**
A PV system must be available and efficient to deliver the expected returns. Meeting code requirements doesn’t eliminate the risk of equipment failure, installation errors, or design flaws. For example, improper inverter selection in high-temperature environments can lead to reduced output, poor power tracking, or nuisance tripping. Best practices ensure these risks are minimized.
**Climate and Location Matter**
PV systems must be designed to withstand local environmental conditions—such as seismic activity, coastal winds, snow, frost, or extreme heat. Simply meeting code minimums may not protect against predictable weather challenges. Engineering reports show that even code-compliant structures can experience failures under severe conditions. Understanding climate-specific risks helps in making better material and design choices for long-term performance.
**Installation and O&M Matter**
If a system is difficult to install or maintain, it can lead to higher costs and inefficiencies. For instance, spreading inverters over large areas increases maintenance time and complexity. A better approach is to cluster inverters for easier access. Small design changes, like flexible conduit provisions, can save time and money during operations.
These are just a few examples of the best practices that Pure Power’s team applies to every project. By focusing on safety, reliability, efficiency, and profitability, we ensure your solar and energy storage systems are built to last.
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