Technical due diligence plays a crucial role in the success of solar projects across commercial, industrial, and utility-scale applications. Large photovoltaic (PV) systems represent significant capital investments with operational lifespans extending beyond 30 years. If these systems fail to perform reliably or meet expectations, project financiers, owners, and developers risk diminished returns on their investment.
Mitigating risks throughout the lifespan of a PV system goes well beyond meeting basic regulatory requirements. As a consulting engineer working with project owners and lenders, Pure Power has reviewed numerous underperforming or problematic solar assets that technically met code standards. These experiences have shown us that while code compliance is essential, it is only the starting point—not the ultimate goal of thorough due diligence.
**Understanding Code Compliance**
Like any electrical or structural system, PV installations are subject to specific codes such as the **National Electrical Code (NEC)** and the **International Building Code (IBC)**. Meeting these requirements is necessary for permits, inspections, and limiting liability. However, simply adhering to legal minimums does not guarantee quality, reliability, efficiency, or long-term performance.
At its core, codes are based on past failures—especially those that led to loss of life, fire damage, or major insurance claims. The code-making process involves volunteer experts who develop consensus-based guidelines to prevent such incidents. While this focus on safety is critical, it doesn’t address issues like performance degradation, maintenance challenges, or reduced longevity.
The **NEC** clearly states in section [90.1(A)]:
> “The purpose of this Code is the practical safeguarding of persons and property from hazards arising from the use of electricity.â€
And in [90.1(B)], it acknowledges limitations:
> “Compliance with this Code and proper maintenance result in an installation that is essentially free from hazard but not necessarily efficient, convenient, or adequate for good service…â€
This distinction is key. For a solar plant to deliver strong ROI, it must be efficient, easy to maintain, and built to last.
**Variations Between Code Editions**
It’s also important to recognize that code updates often lag behind technological advancements. While new editions of the NEC and IBC are released every three years, adoption at the state or local level can vary widely. Some jurisdictions adopt the latest versions quickly, while others may still enforce outdated codes. This creates inconsistencies in safety and performance standards.
In some cases, outdated codes can even hinder the use of newer, more efficient technologies. This makes it clear that code compliance alone isn’t enough to ensure a safe, reliable, and profitable solar system.
**Understanding Best Practices**
Best practices go beyond legal requirements. They involve proven methods, materials, and strategies that lead to superior outcomes. These practices help stakeholders make informed decisions based on metrics like efficiency, reliability, and long-term performance.
For example, inverter selection and placement are critical to system performance. High ambient temperatures can reduce inverter output or cause power fluctuations. Poor conductor sizing might lead to voltage drops and nuisance tripping. Best practices address these issues proactively.
**Climate and Location Matter**
PV systems must be designed with local environmental conditions in mind. Seismic activity, coastal winds, snow loads, and UV exposure all impact long-term performance. A system that meets code requirements may still fail under extreme weather if best practices aren’t followed.
An engineering report from the Structural Engineers Association of California highlights that even code-compliant structures can experience failures. Understanding factors like frost heave, corrosion, and high wind loads helps in making better material and design choices.
**Installation and O&M Matter**
Ease of installation and maintenance is another key factor. Overly complex designs can lead to higher labor costs and longer downtime. For instance, spreading inverters over large areas can slow down repairs. Best practices suggest clustering inverters to improve accessibility and reduce service time.
Simple design adjustments—like flexible conduit layouts—can save time and money during operations. These small but impactful changes reflect the expertise of teams like Pure Power, who prioritize long-term performance and profitability.
By combining technical expertise with real-world insights, we ensure that your PV and energy storage systems are not just compliant, but also safe, reliable, efficient, and built to last.
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