Abstract: Since the beginning of this year, a batch of international agencies such as the U.S. Department of Energy have expressed their willingness to continue to help and support China in promoting this new ground source heat pump technology with obvious energy saving and environmental protection effects. China's Ministry of Science and Technology, State Economic and Trade Commission, State Development Planning Commission and other agencies and some local governments also said they will continue to support the promotion work. Staff training and technical exchange activities are increasing. Beijing Branch of the New Energy Technology Development Corporation set up a special ground source heat pump to promote the work of the Heat Pump Division, and sent to the United States conducted a long system of training to become a member of the International Geothermal Pump Association and made the registration of qualified engineers ; With the United States geothermal pump manufacturers, contractors and design, technology development, training departments have established extensive contacts and relations of cooperation. Joint preparations for the production of soil-gas ground-source heat pump units are under intense work and the first joint venture production plant is expected to be put into production by the end of this year. All this indicates that the situation of large-scale promotion of soil-gas-type ground source heat pump technology will be formed within a few years.
Keywords: soil - gas type ground source heat pump technology ground source heat pump 1 ground source heat pump technology features
1.1 Ground source heat pump technology, also known as ground heat pump technology, is a new type of air-conditioning technology that can use both energy in the shallow soil temperature as energy source and energy saving, pollution-free and low running cost. Geothermal pump technology is the use of underground soil temperature or groundwater temperature characteristics of relatively stable, through buried in the building around the pipeline system or groundwater and building structures to complete the heat exchange device. It completely does not require any artificial heat source, completely replacing the boiler or municipal pipe network and other traditional heating methods and central air conditioning system. In winter, it takes heat from the soil instead of the boiler and heats the building; in summer it displaces the building from the heat of the soil, replacing normal air conditioning. At the same time, it can also supply domestic hot water, known as the "green air-conditioning technology" of the 21st century.
1.2 At present, there are two kinds of ground source heat pump technology routes: earth-gas type ground source heat pump technology and water-water type ground source heat pump technology
Earth-gas-type ground source heat pump technology to the United States as the representative of technology, water - water source heat pump technology to the Nordic technology as the representative. The difference between the two is that the former takes heat from or drains heat from shallow soil or groundwater and directly converts it into hot air or cold air to heat or cool the room through ground-source heat pump units scattered in various rooms. The latter is to take heat from the groundwater or to heat it, after the heat pump unit into hot or cold water, and then through the fan coil arranged in each room into hot air or cold air to the room heating or cooling. Due to the soil-gas ground source heat pump technology in the United States, it is possible to directly take effect from the shallow soil or discharge heat to it without using ground water, by laying vertical pipes, horizontal pipes or throwing pipes to surface water in various ways, Not limited to the exploitation of groundwater, the promotion of a larger, more flexible. In addition, as the U.S. technology reduces the heat loss due to the conversion of geothermal energy into hot water and cold water, the energy efficiency is higher and the cost of heating and cooling is lower.
1.3 Geothermal pump technology has obvious greenhouse gas emissions and the application of a wide range of features
As more than 70% of the heat generated by the geothermal pump is sourced from the soil, less than 30% of the energy comes from electrical energy. Therefore, replacing the winter heating boiler with at least 70% of greenhouse gas can reduce emissions. If large-scale promotion, can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the soil-gas type heat pump technology uses energy that is in the soil at normal temperature and does not require special geothermal fields or underground hot water. It meets the required technical conditions of the geothermal pump as long as there is sufficient soil (ground or groundwater above -3.5 ° C) for heat exchange. Approximately 30-50% of Chinese cities have this condition and can use geothermal pumps. From the climate zone point of view, from the cold Heilongjiang to the hot Hainan Island can be used. Most countries in the world also have the conditions to apply geothermal pump technology. At the same time it does not consume nor pollute the groundwater. In the use of groundwater, the heat pump only to the water heat or heat, no water, the groundwater should be fully recharged underground.
1.4 Geothermal pump is the use of renewable energy, never depleted
Geothermal pumps take heat from, or dissipate heat from, shallow, normal-temperature soils. The heat of shallow soils originates from solar energy and it is never depleted and is a renewable energy source. Therefore, when using the heat pump, its soil heat source can be self-supplement, continuous use, there is no resource depletion.
1.5 high efficiency, low operating costs
In heating, the heat pump technology can "move" the soil to the room, the energy of more than 70% from the soil, the heating coefficient up to 3.5-4.5, while the boiler is only 0.7-0. 9, compared with the boiler to save 70% More than 40% of energy and 60% operating costs; Refrigeration than ordinary air-conditioning energy-saving 40% -50%, lower operating costs more than 40%. High energy saving, low operating costs, created the conditions for commercial promotion.
1.6 Geothermal pumps in Europe and the United States is a very mature technology has been fully commercialized In the United States, Canada and the Nordic countries and regions, geothermal pump technology has been widely used, the promotion rate of 15% per year rate of increase, the formation of From manufacturers, engineering firms to training institutions, technology development agencies, professional management agencies and a complete set of complete industrial system. The International Geothermal Pump Association (IGSHPA) and the American Geothermal Pump Association (GHPC) have been established and they have fully commercialized.
1.7 Geothermal pump technology can achieve household metering, can be phased investment, no outdoor unit
As the United States soil - gas ground - source heat pump is scattered in each household or room, and it is the same as ordinary household air conditioners, the implementation of a separate electricity metering to overcome the heating boiler and central air conditioning when the household metering problems. Just because it is decentralized and installed, it can be phased and invested in batches, which solves the requirement that central air-conditioning units must invest once in place, thus reducing financing costs. Ground source heat pump air conditioning, no outdoor unit and cooling towers, building facades cleaner, more beautiful.
2 The cooperation between the Chinese government and the Chinese government in promoting ground source heat pump technology in the United States
After the agreement signed by the Chinese and the U.S. governments to promote the soil-source type ground source heat pump technology in the United States is signed, the two governments each entrust some experts to draft the cooperation plan on the specific contents of the cooperation. In November 1998, China and the United States jointly held the experts and experts from both countries in the United States to promote the development and utilization of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies Cooperation Protocol "working group meeting was approved. "Plan" stipulates: promotion work carried out in three phases.
The first phase: construction demonstration project. It is planned to construct a U.S. soil-gas ground-source heat pump demonstration project in each of the cold climate zone in northern China, the temperate zone in the Yangtze River Basin in central China and the subtropical zone in southern China. In addition to providing demonstration after the completion of the project, data collection should also be carried out to test the economic and technical effects of the US soil-gas ground-source heat pump under different climatic conditions so as to provide a model, data and experience for large-scale promotion. Demonstration project construction to take the government support business model.
The core of earth-gas ground-source heat pump technology is how to achieve efficient heat exchange with shallow soil to ensure stable and long-term heat extraction from or to the environment without investing much more than ordinary central air conditioning Exhaust heat, to achieve heating or cooling. Considering that China has not yet mastered the soil-gas ground source heat pump technology in the United States, the "Plan" proposes that China should choose from among the three types of climatic zones each one with strong economic and technical strength in the units engaged in the development and utilization of new energy sources, As the promotion unit of ground source heat pump technology in the United States, it will build demonstration projects with the agencies recommended by the United States to ensure the success of demonstration projects.
The second phase: cooperation and promotion. When the demonstration project is completed, three ground source heat pump promotion units work together with their U.S. counterparts in China to promote the public awareness. Promotion work has two aspects. First, in more places in China and in different sizes and different uses of buildings to build different ground-source heat pump system, has access to the majority of users awareness and recognition. The second is to carry out ground-source heat pump design capacity building and personnel training to carry out technical exchange activities, popularization of soil-gas-type ground source heat pump knowledge. At the same time, the establishment of China's ground source heat pump design database, preparation of China's hydrogeological conditions, building codes, heating and cooling standards and building materials, equipment, labor force price of the design software to improve China's design department of the United States soil-type ground source heat pump system design Level.
The third stage: joint venture production. When the advanced soil-gas ground source heat pump technology in the United States has become known to the public and the market prospect is clear, a few Chinese manufacturers with strong economic strength, strict management and a modern enterprise system have been selected on the basis of voluntary, Equality and mutual benefit. With the strong and technologically advanced geothermal pump manufacturers in the United States, the joint venture production has been brewing and negotiated to reduce the production cost of ground-source heat pumps and gradually raise the level of localization. Joint ventures will be strictly conducted in a market-based manner. Attention should be paid to introducing a competition mechanism to prevent vicious competition such as the unprofitable pursuit of profits and the erosion of the reputation of ground source heat pump technologies.
3 Welcome to the United States soil - gas ground source heat pump demonstration class construction
After repeated screening and full demonstration, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the US Department of Energy have selected Beijing Municipal Bureau of New Energy Technology Development Company and other three units, as three units to promote geothermal pumps were responsible for three soil - gas-based ground source heat pump Technical demonstration project construction and promotion. With the leadership and full support of China's Ministry of Science and Technology and the vigorous assistance from the U.S. Department of Energy, the three groundwater heat pump demonstration projects were successively completed in the first half of 2001 and began trial operation.
Three US soil - gas ground source heat pump demonstration project:
3.1 Northern China winter cold climatic area ground source heat pump demonstration project
Project Name: Beijing Jia Heyuan International apartment ground source heat pump demonstration project
Project Address: Xiaoyun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
Project Technology Promotion Unit: Beijing Branch Energy New Technology Development Company
Project Housing Development Unit: Beijing Fuyang Property Development Co., Ltd.
Heat pump installation completed: December 2000
Project Overview:
· Building Type: upscale apartment
· Building Structure: Constructed of three tower buildings with 30-32 floors respectively. The first floor and the podium part of the clubhouse, lobby and public activity area, the second floor for the equipment conversion layer, more than three floors for office space and apartment buildings. Three floors underground include equipment room and underground garage. Residential from 75m2 to 365m2 a total of 16 kinds of units
· Construction area: 14,175 square meters
Total construction area: 88000 square meters
Heating and air conditioning area: 70,000 square meters
Heat exchange three: 1300 tons cold
Heat pump type: earth-gas type ground source heat pump
· Underground heat exchange form: groundwater type
· Ground source heat pump units: 501 units
· Geothermal pump manufacturers: the United States Trane
Number of deep wells: 4, 2 pumping 2 irrigation
Well depth: 160 meters
Well tube diameter: 500 mm
· Single and influx of water: 200 tons / hour
Air flow organization: the use of the (side) to send back or on the (side) to send back the door to reduce the footprint area
· Noise level: The vertical unit is set in a small machine room, the wall is attached with sound-absorbing material, the door is sound-insulated door, the horizontal machine is assembled in the sound-absorbing ceiling, the sound absorbing material is attached around the wall, Silencer with silencer or silencer pipe (fiberglass duct), so that the room noise ≤ 30dB (A)
Investment and initial operating costs Conclusion:
Ground source heat pump system than the traditional central air conditioning system total investment decreased by 1.5% to 389,000 yuan; annual operating expenses decreased 43.6% to 1.161 million yuan; 50% reduction in occupancy, to 437,500 yuan. Ground source heat pump system, the average initial investment of about 360 yuan / square meter.
Beijing heating costs a variety of operating costs comparison:
According to the April issue of this year's publication, after preliminary calculation, each heating season (125 days) in Beijing in the construction of a square meter of various heating costs: 30-40 yuan independent gas heating stove; cable floor heating 20-25 yuan; electric film heating 20 -34 yuan; Natural gas central heating 28 yuan; 16 yuan coal-fired central heating; Beijing geothermal pump demonstration project preliminary estimates 12.9 yuan. It can be seen from the lowest cost of heat pump operation.
3.2 Central China summer sultry, winter cold climate zone geothermal pump demonstration project
Project Name: Ningbo Younger Industrial City ground source heat pump demonstration project
Project Address: Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China
Project Features: Yu Dong building cooling and heating both
Project rules and regulations: construction area of ​​92,505 square meters
Total cooling load: 2483 tons of cold
System Type: Groundwater soil-gas ground source heat pump system
Project Budget: 25 million yuan, including about 1.34 million U.S. dollars of imported equipment
Technology promotion unit: China Enterprise Group Shanghai Dingda Energy New Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Project progress: construction by stages. The first phase of the 38,380 square meters of garment factories, the installation of 150 heat pumps, 1070 tons of cold, imported equipment worth 420,000 US dollars, in May 2001 installation is completed. The second installment is in progress.
Heat pump manufacturers: the United States Tane company
3.3 South China subtropical climatic zone geothermal pump demonstration project
Project Name: Guangzhou Matsuda Institute of Technology geothermal pump demonstration project
Project Address: Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
Building Type: Teaching Building, Office Building
Project features: mainly refrigeration, heating, supplemented
Project Scale: The total construction area of ​​52,000 square meters, construction phases
Total cooling load: 2045 tons cold
System Type: Horizontal pipeline plus groundwater - ground source heat pump system
Project Budget: 14.74 million yuan, including 1,262,558 dollars of imported equipment
Technology promotion unit: Guangzhou Lida Heat Pump Technology Co., Ltd.
American heat pump manufacturer: Florida Heat Pump Environmcntal Equipment company
The first heat pump installation was completed: October 2000
The first phase of the project overview:
· Housing Type: Teaching Building
Construction area: 6000 square meters
· Cooling area: 3250 square meters
· Number of geothermal pumps: 48
Well depth: 43 meters
· Water: 38 tons / hour
Circulating water: 113 tons / hour
Total cost: 2.43 million yuan
The average cost: 405 yuan / square meters of construction
Operation test situation (voice lab as an example)
· Outdoor temperature: 32.3 ℃, sunny, with sunlight
Classroom area: 150 square meters
· Number of people in the room: 53 people
· Unit configuration: 1 cold tonnage 1, 3 cold tonnage 1, a total of 8 tons of cold
· Test period: 2: 30-4: 15 pm
· Operation status:
Boot 10 minutes, room temperature 30 ℃
Boot 20 minutes, room temperature 26.5 ℃
Boot 30 minutes, room temperature 23.6 ℃, later maintained at 23.6 ℃
Indoor maximum temperature difference: plus or minus l ℃
Two total heat pump power: 6.29KW
At present, the three U.S.-owned Geothermal Geothermal Pump Demonstration Projects have all been completed except for the Beijing Geothermal Pump Demonstration Project. The other two will only complete the construction of the first phase of the project and the follow-up project will be completed in the next year.
4 next work
Three US soil-gas ground source heat pump demonstration project was completed, especially as the world's single building using ground source heat pump heating and cooling building in the first and second floor area (only less than the United States, Louisville, Kentucky Seoul City Hall Hotel), the most technologically advanced Beijing-type ground-source heat pump demonstration project put into operation, has attracted widespread international and domestic attention, visitors at home and abroad overwhelmed, the United States soil - - Gas-based ground source heat pump technology has rapidly increased awareness. Beijing Branch of New Energy Technology Development Company and other three US soil - gas-based ground source heat pump technology promotion units, have entered the promotion phase.
4.l conduct a comprehensive and systematic data acquisition and economic and technical analysis
Beijing Branch of New Energy Technology Development Corporation in the relevant departments with the support of human resources and resources, Beijing geothermal pump demonstration project began data collection and economic and technical analysis. Data collection will be from the investment, operating costs, heating and cooling effects, technical parameters and other aspects of a full range of collection. Data collection will last one year. Based on the complete data of the whole heating season and the cooling season, the economic and technical analysis is carried out based on the comparison with other heating and cooling technologies. The preliminary investment, heating and cooling effects, technical stability, savings in operating costs, energy conservation effects, etc. Provide rigorous and scientific conclusions, and provide a scientific basis for the large-scale popularization of the US soil-gas ground-source heat pump technology in China and improvement and improvement of design standards.
4.2 The market operation mode to promote the work to build a new soil-gas ground source heat pump project
At present, the Chinese government has stepped up its efforts to control and control air pollution. Beijing and a number of major cities in winter heating have passed legislation to limit winter coal heating. The public will also actively improve the quality of the air as an important part of improving the quality of life. This provides a huge market demand for non-polluting geothermal pump technology. At the same time, with the more expensive natural gas and other energy sources into the field of heating and consumption, earth-gas geothermal pump is compared with the advantages of low operating costs more obvious (per heating season per square meter heating costs, heat pump than natural gas heating Lower than 60%). Also, the increase of urban green space provides more available soil conditions for the use of soil-gas geothermal pumping technology, which will also lead to the rapid expansion of the recognition of the U.S. soil-gas geothermal heat pump technology. According to the numerous projects that they want to adopt the soil-gas ground-source heat pump technology from the three extension units, the geographical scope starts from Heilongjiang south to Guangdong in the north and Shanghai west to Gansu and Qinghai in the east. Xinjiang covers almost most of China. Beijing Branch Energy New Technology Development Company and other three units under construction and brewing, planning and construction of new soil and new source of heat pump project, the total cold tonnage will exceed the total number of three cold tonnage demonstration project, which marked the three Demonstration project demonstration role has been played to promote the work is being carried out steadily.
4.3 international cooperation will be expanded, the joint venture production of soil-gas source heat pump units may be realized in advance, staff training, technical exchanges will be widely expanded
Since the beginning of this year, a batch of international agencies such as the U.S. Department of Energy have expressed their willingness to continue to help and support China in promoting this new ground source heat pump technology with obvious energy saving and environmental protection effects. China's Ministry of Science and Technology, State Economic and Trade Commission, State Development Planning Commission and other agencies and some local governments also said they will continue to support the promotion work. Staff training and technical exchange activities are increasing. Beijing Branch of the New Energy Technology Development Corporation set up a special ground source heat pump to promote the work of the Heat Pump Division, and sent to the United States conducted a long system of training to become a member of the International Geothermal Pump Association and made the registration of qualified engineers ; With the United States geothermal pump manufacturers, contractors and design, technology development, training departments have established extensive contacts and relations of cooperation. Joint preparations for the production of soil-gas ground-source heat pump units are under intense work and the first joint venture production plant is expected to be put into production by the end of this year. All this indicates that the situation of large-scale promotion of soil-gas-type ground source heat pump technology will be formed within a few years.
Keywords: soil - gas type ground source heat pump technology ground source heat pump 1 ground source heat pump technology features
1.1 Ground source heat pump technology, also known as ground heat pump technology, is a new type of air-conditioning technology that can use both energy in the shallow soil temperature as energy source and energy saving, pollution-free and low running cost. Geothermal pump technology is the use of underground soil temperature or groundwater temperature characteristics of relatively stable, through buried in the building around the pipeline system or groundwater and building structures to complete the heat exchange device. It completely does not require any artificial heat source, completely replacing the boiler or municipal pipe network and other traditional heating methods and central air conditioning system. In winter, it takes heat from the soil instead of the boiler and heats the building; in summer it displaces the building from the heat of the soil, replacing normal air conditioning. At the same time, it can also supply domestic hot water, known as the "green air-conditioning technology" of the 21st century.
1.2 At present, there are two kinds of ground source heat pump technology routes: earth-gas type ground source heat pump technology and water-water type ground source heat pump technology
Earth-gas-type ground source heat pump technology to the United States as the representative of technology, water - water source heat pump technology to the Nordic technology as the representative. The difference between the two is that the former takes heat from or drains heat from shallow soil or groundwater and directly converts it into hot air or cold air to heat or cool the room through ground-source heat pump units scattered in various rooms. The latter is to take heat from the groundwater or to heat it, after the heat pump unit into hot or cold water, and then through the fan coil arranged in each room into hot air or cold air to the room heating or cooling. Due to the soil-gas ground source heat pump technology in the United States, it is possible to directly take effect from the shallow soil or discharge heat to it without using ground water, by laying vertical pipes, horizontal pipes or throwing pipes to surface water in various ways, Not limited to the exploitation of groundwater, the promotion of a larger, more flexible. In addition, as the U.S. technology reduces the heat loss due to the conversion of geothermal energy into hot water and cold water, the energy efficiency is higher and the cost of heating and cooling is lower.
1.3 Geothermal pump technology has obvious greenhouse gas emissions and the application of a wide range of features
As more than 70% of the heat generated by the geothermal pump is sourced from the soil, less than 30% of the energy comes from electrical energy. Therefore, replacing the winter heating boiler with at least 70% of greenhouse gas can reduce emissions. If large-scale promotion, can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the soil-gas type heat pump technology uses energy that is in the soil at normal temperature and does not require special geothermal fields or underground hot water. It meets the required technical conditions of the geothermal pump as long as there is sufficient soil (ground or groundwater above -3.5 ° C) for heat exchange. Approximately 30-50% of Chinese cities have this condition and can use geothermal pumps. From the climate zone point of view, from the cold Heilongjiang to the hot Hainan Island can be used. Most countries in the world also have the conditions to apply geothermal pump technology. At the same time it does not consume nor pollute the groundwater. In the use of groundwater, the heat pump only to the water heat or heat, no water, the groundwater should be fully recharged underground.
1.4 Geothermal pump is the use of renewable energy, never depleted
Geothermal pumps take heat from, or dissipate heat from, shallow, normal-temperature soils. The heat of shallow soils originates from solar energy and it is never depleted and is a renewable energy source. Therefore, when using the heat pump, its soil heat source can be self-supplement, continuous use, there is no resource depletion.
1.5 high efficiency, low operating costs
In heating, the heat pump technology can "move" the soil to the room, the energy of more than 70% from the soil, the heating coefficient up to 3.5-4.5, while the boiler is only 0.7-0. 9, compared with the boiler to save 70% More than 40% of energy and 60% operating costs; Refrigeration than ordinary air-conditioning energy-saving 40% -50%, lower operating costs more than 40%. High energy saving, low operating costs, created the conditions for commercial promotion.
1.6 Geothermal pumps in Europe and the United States is a very mature technology has been fully commercialized In the United States, Canada and the Nordic countries and regions, geothermal pump technology has been widely used, the promotion rate of 15% per year rate of increase, the formation of From manufacturers, engineering firms to training institutions, technology development agencies, professional management agencies and a complete set of complete industrial system. The International Geothermal Pump Association (IGSHPA) and the American Geothermal Pump Association (GHPC) have been established and they have fully commercialized.
1.7 Geothermal pump technology can achieve household metering, can be phased investment, no outdoor unit
As the United States soil - gas ground - source heat pump is scattered in each household or room, and it is the same as ordinary household air conditioners, the implementation of a separate electricity metering to overcome the heating boiler and central air conditioning when the household metering problems. Just because it is decentralized and installed, it can be phased and invested in batches, which solves the requirement that central air-conditioning units must invest once in place, thus reducing financing costs. Ground source heat pump air conditioning, no outdoor unit and cooling towers, building facades cleaner, more beautiful.
2 The cooperation between the Chinese government and the Chinese government in promoting ground source heat pump technology in the United States
After the agreement signed by the Chinese and the U.S. governments to promote the soil-source type ground source heat pump technology in the United States is signed, the two governments each entrust some experts to draft the cooperation plan on the specific contents of the cooperation. In November 1998, China and the United States jointly held the experts and experts from both countries in the United States to promote the development and utilization of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies Cooperation Protocol "working group meeting was approved. "Plan" stipulates: promotion work carried out in three phases.
The first phase: construction demonstration project. It is planned to construct a U.S. soil-gas ground-source heat pump demonstration project in each of the cold climate zone in northern China, the temperate zone in the Yangtze River Basin in central China and the subtropical zone in southern China. In addition to providing demonstration after the completion of the project, data collection should also be carried out to test the economic and technical effects of the US soil-gas ground-source heat pump under different climatic conditions so as to provide a model, data and experience for large-scale promotion. Demonstration project construction to take the government support business model.
The core of earth-gas ground-source heat pump technology is how to achieve efficient heat exchange with shallow soil to ensure stable and long-term heat extraction from or to the environment without investing much more than ordinary central air conditioning Exhaust heat, to achieve heating or cooling. Considering that China has not yet mastered the soil-gas ground source heat pump technology in the United States, the "Plan" proposes that China should choose from among the three types of climatic zones each one with strong economic and technical strength in the units engaged in the development and utilization of new energy sources, As the promotion unit of ground source heat pump technology in the United States, it will build demonstration projects with the agencies recommended by the United States to ensure the success of demonstration projects.
The second phase: cooperation and promotion. When the demonstration project is completed, three ground source heat pump promotion units work together with their U.S. counterparts in China to promote the public awareness. Promotion work has two aspects. First, in more places in China and in different sizes and different uses of buildings to build different ground-source heat pump system, has access to the majority of users awareness and recognition. The second is to carry out ground-source heat pump design capacity building and personnel training to carry out technical exchange activities, popularization of soil-gas-type ground source heat pump knowledge. At the same time, the establishment of China's ground source heat pump design database, preparation of China's hydrogeological conditions, building codes, heating and cooling standards and building materials, equipment, labor force price of the design software to improve China's design department of the United States soil-type ground source heat pump system design Level.
The third stage: joint venture production. When the advanced soil-gas ground source heat pump technology in the United States has become known to the public and the market prospect is clear, a few Chinese manufacturers with strong economic strength, strict management and a modern enterprise system have been selected on the basis of voluntary, Equality and mutual benefit. With the strong and technologically advanced geothermal pump manufacturers in the United States, the joint venture production has been brewing and negotiated to reduce the production cost of ground-source heat pumps and gradually raise the level of localization. Joint ventures will be strictly conducted in a market-based manner. Attention should be paid to introducing a competition mechanism to prevent vicious competition such as the unprofitable pursuit of profits and the erosion of the reputation of ground source heat pump technologies.
3 Welcome to the United States soil - gas ground source heat pump demonstration class construction
After repeated screening and full demonstration, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the US Department of Energy have selected Beijing Municipal Bureau of New Energy Technology Development Company and other three units, as three units to promote geothermal pumps were responsible for three soil - gas-based ground source heat pump Technical demonstration project construction and promotion. With the leadership and full support of China's Ministry of Science and Technology and the vigorous assistance from the U.S. Department of Energy, the three groundwater heat pump demonstration projects were successively completed in the first half of 2001 and began trial operation.
Three US soil - gas ground source heat pump demonstration project:
3.1 Northern China winter cold climatic area ground source heat pump demonstration project
Project Name: Beijing Jia Heyuan International apartment ground source heat pump demonstration project
Project Address: Xiaoyun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
Project Technology Promotion Unit: Beijing Branch Energy New Technology Development Company
Project Housing Development Unit: Beijing Fuyang Property Development Co., Ltd.
Heat pump installation completed: December 2000
Project Overview:
· Building Type: upscale apartment
· Building Structure: Constructed of three tower buildings with 30-32 floors respectively. The first floor and the podium part of the clubhouse, lobby and public activity area, the second floor for the equipment conversion layer, more than three floors for office space and apartment buildings. Three floors underground include equipment room and underground garage. Residential from 75m2 to 365m2 a total of 16 kinds of units
· Construction area: 14,175 square meters
Total construction area: 88000 square meters
Heating and air conditioning area: 70,000 square meters
Heat exchange three: 1300 tons cold
Heat pump type: earth-gas type ground source heat pump
· Underground heat exchange form: groundwater type
· Ground source heat pump units: 501 units
· Geothermal pump manufacturers: the United States Trane
Number of deep wells: 4, 2 pumping 2 irrigation
Well depth: 160 meters
Well tube diameter: 500 mm
· Single and influx of water: 200 tons / hour
Air flow organization: the use of the (side) to send back or on the (side) to send back the door to reduce the footprint area
· Noise level: The vertical unit is set in a small machine room, the wall is attached with sound-absorbing material, the door is sound-insulated door, the horizontal machine is assembled in the sound-absorbing ceiling, the sound absorbing material is attached around the wall, Silencer with silencer or silencer pipe (fiberglass duct), so that the room noise ≤ 30dB (A)
Investment and initial operating costs Conclusion:
Ground source heat pump system than the traditional central air conditioning system total investment decreased by 1.5% to 389,000 yuan; annual operating expenses decreased 43.6% to 1.161 million yuan; 50% reduction in occupancy, to 437,500 yuan. Ground source heat pump system, the average initial investment of about 360 yuan / square meter.
Beijing heating costs a variety of operating costs comparison:
According to the April issue of this year's publication, after preliminary calculation, each heating season (125 days) in Beijing in the construction of a square meter of various heating costs: 30-40 yuan independent gas heating stove; cable floor heating 20-25 yuan; electric film heating 20 -34 yuan; Natural gas central heating 28 yuan; 16 yuan coal-fired central heating; Beijing geothermal pump demonstration project preliminary estimates 12.9 yuan. It can be seen from the lowest cost of heat pump operation.
3.2 Central China summer sultry, winter cold climate zone geothermal pump demonstration project
Project Name: Ningbo Younger Industrial City ground source heat pump demonstration project
Project Address: Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China
Project Features: Yu Dong building cooling and heating both
Project rules and regulations: construction area of ​​92,505 square meters
Total cooling load: 2483 tons of cold
System Type: Groundwater soil-gas ground source heat pump system
Project Budget: 25 million yuan, including about 1.34 million U.S. dollars of imported equipment
Technology promotion unit: China Enterprise Group Shanghai Dingda Energy New Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Project progress: construction by stages. The first phase of the 38,380 square meters of garment factories, the installation of 150 heat pumps, 1070 tons of cold, imported equipment worth 420,000 US dollars, in May 2001 installation is completed. The second installment is in progress.
Heat pump manufacturers: the United States Tane company
3.3 South China subtropical climatic zone geothermal pump demonstration project
Project Name: Guangzhou Matsuda Institute of Technology geothermal pump demonstration project
Project Address: Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
Building Type: Teaching Building, Office Building
Project features: mainly refrigeration, heating, supplemented
Project Scale: The total construction area of ​​52,000 square meters, construction phases
Total cooling load: 2045 tons cold
System Type: Horizontal pipeline plus groundwater - ground source heat pump system
Project Budget: 14.74 million yuan, including 1,262,558 dollars of imported equipment
Technology promotion unit: Guangzhou Lida Heat Pump Technology Co., Ltd.
American heat pump manufacturer: Florida Heat Pump Environmcntal Equipment company
The first heat pump installation was completed: October 2000
The first phase of the project overview:
· Housing Type: Teaching Building
Construction area: 6000 square meters
· Cooling area: 3250 square meters
· Number of geothermal pumps: 48
Well depth: 43 meters
· Water: 38 tons / hour
Circulating water: 113 tons / hour
Total cost: 2.43 million yuan
The average cost: 405 yuan / square meters of construction
Operation test situation (voice lab as an example)
· Outdoor temperature: 32.3 ℃, sunny, with sunlight
Classroom area: 150 square meters
· Number of people in the room: 53 people
· Unit configuration: 1 cold tonnage 1, 3 cold tonnage 1, a total of 8 tons of cold
· Test period: 2: 30-4: 15 pm
· Operation status:
Boot 10 minutes, room temperature 30 ℃
Boot 20 minutes, room temperature 26.5 ℃
Boot 30 minutes, room temperature 23.6 ℃, later maintained at 23.6 ℃
Indoor maximum temperature difference: plus or minus l ℃
Two total heat pump power: 6.29KW
At present, the three U.S.-owned Geothermal Geothermal Pump Demonstration Projects have all been completed except for the Beijing Geothermal Pump Demonstration Project. The other two will only complete the construction of the first phase of the project and the follow-up project will be completed in the next year.
4 next work
Three US soil-gas ground source heat pump demonstration project was completed, especially as the world's single building using ground source heat pump heating and cooling building in the first and second floor area (only less than the United States, Louisville, Kentucky Seoul City Hall Hotel), the most technologically advanced Beijing-type ground-source heat pump demonstration project put into operation, has attracted widespread international and domestic attention, visitors at home and abroad overwhelmed, the United States soil - - Gas-based ground source heat pump technology has rapidly increased awareness. Beijing Branch of New Energy Technology Development Company and other three US soil - gas-based ground source heat pump technology promotion units, have entered the promotion phase.
4.l conduct a comprehensive and systematic data acquisition and economic and technical analysis
Beijing Branch of New Energy Technology Development Corporation in the relevant departments with the support of human resources and resources, Beijing geothermal pump demonstration project began data collection and economic and technical analysis. Data collection will be from the investment, operating costs, heating and cooling effects, technical parameters and other aspects of a full range of collection. Data collection will last one year. Based on the complete data of the whole heating season and the cooling season, the economic and technical analysis is carried out based on the comparison with other heating and cooling technologies. The preliminary investment, heating and cooling effects, technical stability, savings in operating costs, energy conservation effects, etc. Provide rigorous and scientific conclusions, and provide a scientific basis for the large-scale popularization of the US soil-gas ground-source heat pump technology in China and improvement and improvement of design standards.
4.2 The market operation mode to promote the work to build a new soil-gas ground source heat pump project
At present, the Chinese government has stepped up its efforts to control and control air pollution. Beijing and a number of major cities in winter heating have passed legislation to limit winter coal heating. The public will also actively improve the quality of the air as an important part of improving the quality of life. This provides a huge market demand for non-polluting geothermal pump technology. At the same time, with the more expensive natural gas and other energy sources into the field of heating and consumption, earth-gas geothermal pump is compared with the advantages of low operating costs more obvious (per heating season per square meter heating costs, heat pump than natural gas heating Lower than 60%). Also, the increase of urban green space provides more available soil conditions for the use of soil-gas geothermal pumping technology, which will also lead to the rapid expansion of the recognition of the U.S. soil-gas geothermal heat pump technology. According to the numerous projects that they want to adopt the soil-gas ground-source heat pump technology from the three extension units, the geographical scope starts from Heilongjiang south to Guangdong in the north and Shanghai west to Gansu and Qinghai in the east. Xinjiang covers almost most of China. Beijing Branch Energy New Technology Development Company and other three units under construction and brewing, planning and construction of new soil and new source of heat pump project, the total cold tonnage will exceed the total number of three cold tonnage demonstration project, which marked the three Demonstration project demonstration role has been played to promote the work is being carried out steadily.
4.3 international cooperation will be expanded, the joint venture production of soil-gas source heat pump units may be realized in advance, staff training, technical exchanges will be widely expanded
Since the beginning of this year, a batch of international agencies such as the U.S. Department of Energy have expressed their willingness to continue to help and support China in promoting this new ground source heat pump technology with obvious energy saving and environmental protection effects. China's Ministry of Science and Technology, State Economic and Trade Commission, State Development Planning Commission and other agencies and some local governments also said they will continue to support the promotion work. Staff training and technical exchange activities are increasing. Beijing Branch of the New Energy Technology Development Corporation set up a special ground source heat pump to promote the work of the Heat Pump Division, and sent to the United States conducted a long system of training to become a member of the International Geothermal Pump Association and made the registration of qualified engineers ; With the United States geothermal pump manufacturers, contractors and design, technology development, training departments have established extensive contacts and relations of cooperation. Joint preparations for the production of soil-gas ground-source heat pump units are under intense work and the first joint venture production plant is expected to be put into production by the end of this year. All this indicates that the situation of large-scale promotion of soil-gas-type ground source heat pump technology will be formed within a few years.
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