1. Hazardous sources and dangerous points in various production links of colored mines
Hazardous sources for open pit operations in non-ferrous mines include: abandoned roadways, goafs or caves, landslides, mountain movements and rolling stones that have not been identified or identified after mining; hazards from downhole operations include: collapse of goafs Large-scale rock movement, roadway roofing, sulfide mineral dust explosion, falling well, running and so on. The danger sources in charging and blasting operations are: stray current in the scope of charging operation, open fire or fire into the explosion area or blasting equipment library. Hazard sources for improving transportation are: cans, cans, falling objects, over-rolls, sports cars, etc. Other sources of danger include: surface and groundwater, mudslides or flooding into pits, sulfide minerals or carbonaceous shale , Combustibles or combustibles, spontaneous combustion, waste rock debris flow and dumping of vehicles, derailment, tailings dam breakage, movement, cracking, flooding, etc., safety facilities and equipment failure.
Dangerous points in various production links of colored mines: surface and horizontal wellheads, transportation roadway intersections, slip wellheads, unloading points and vibrating ore concentrating chambers, mining and excavation working surfaces and working platforms, various types of wellbore ladders, blasting Equipment warehouses, gas stations and flammable and combustible storage points, belts, open pits and slope angles, around transport vehicles and equipment.
Second, the main types, causes and characteristics of colored mine accidents
The main types of non-ferrous mine accidents are: ground pressure disasters, water disasters, fires, blasting injuries, poisoning and suffocation.
(1) The main manifestation of ground pressure disasters is open-air landslides. The roofs of underground mining yards fall, fall and fall down in a wide range. The goafs fall or fall in a large area, and the roadway or the face of the tunneling face will be covered and thrown. The main reasons for the occurrence of ground pressure disasters are: unreasonable mining sequence, failure to treat the goaf in time; unreasonable selection of mining methods and poor management of the roof of the stope; lack of effective means of support; poor inspection and negligence; improper operation of pumice The geological conditions of the ore are poor, the joint fissures are developed, and the ground stress is large.
Such disasters are closely related to lithology, rock mass structure and geological structure, such as engineering geological conditions, ground pressure management and support methods, often forming impact ground pressure and air shock waves, causing different levels of personnel injury and property losses. , causing the movement of the rock formation, the sinking of the surface and the destruction of the building (structure).
(2) The causes of flood accidents are: geological structures containing water in the process of mining, old scorpions or surface water bodies, no water exploration or unreasonable water exploration techniques; no signs of water inrush are detected in time; rainfall suddenly increases, causing underground The amount of water inrush suddenly increased; no design or construction of the drainage and drainage facilities was unreasonable; the mining face was accidentally connected with the surface water body and the cave.
Such disasters are sudden and rapid, and the resulting casualties and property losses are large. The mines are flooded and the mines are completely shut down.
(3) Non-ferrous mine fires are classified into internal fires and external fires according to the cause of fire. Caused by the formation of internal fires In addition to the characteristics of oxidative self-heating, the ore must also have heat accumulation conditions; when heat is accumulated, it will inevitably produce a warming phenomenon; the temperature rise will lead to accelerated oxidation of the ore, a vicious cycle occurs; When the ignition point of the substance is reached, a spontaneous combustion fire occurs. Internal fires can only occur in mines with spontaneous combustion deposits, and must have certain conditions. The cause of fire is very complicated; it is difficult to find in the initial stage, it is difficult to find the exact location of the fire source center, and it is difficult to extinguish such fires.
The causes of external fires are: various types of open flames igniting combustibles or combustibles; fires caused by transportation, storage and use of various oils; fires during the transportation, processing and use of explosives; electrical equipment The fire caused by insulation damage and poor performance; the fire inside and outside the pit is burned in a limited space and limited air flow, and it is easy to generate a large amount of toxic and harmful gas to reach a life-threatening concentration, which is very likely to cause a major accident.
(4) The main causes of blasting injury, poisoning and suffocation are: the nature of explosives and unqualified blasting equipment, encountering open flames, high temperature objects during transportation, strong vibration or friction, accidents; unreasonable charging and detonating processes Or illegal operation; blasting equipment library design is unreasonable, illegally issued or stored blasting equipment, there is a detonating source that can cause an explosion; illegal operation or ventilation system is unreasonable, the pit sign is unreasonable or no sign, causing the operator to enter or stay in the subject In the area where the gun smoke is polluted; the geological structure containing a large amount of suffocating gas, toxic and harmful gas and dust is suddenly encountered in the operation, and the personnel have no protective measures.
Such disasters are related to illegal operations and poor ventilation. They are sudden and the accidents may be expanded if the rescue process and methods are unreasonable.
Dangerous hazards such as dust, electrical hazards, noise and vibration, mechanical damage, object strikes, falling from heights and drowning are also present during the mining process.
Hazardous sources for open pit operations in non-ferrous mines include: abandoned roadways, goafs or caves, landslides, mountain movements and rolling stones that have not been identified or identified after mining; hazards from downhole operations include: collapse of goafs Large-scale rock movement, roadway roofing, sulfide mineral dust explosion, falling well, running and so on. The danger sources in charging and blasting operations are: stray current in the scope of charging operation, open fire or fire into the explosion area or blasting equipment library. Hazard sources for improving transportation are: cans, cans, falling objects, over-rolls, sports cars, etc. Other sources of danger include: surface and groundwater, mudslides or flooding into pits, sulfide minerals or carbonaceous shale , Combustibles or combustibles, spontaneous combustion, waste rock debris flow and dumping of vehicles, derailment, tailings dam breakage, movement, cracking, flooding, etc., safety facilities and equipment failure.
Dangerous points in various production links of colored mines: surface and horizontal wellheads, transportation roadway intersections, slip wellheads, unloading points and vibrating ore concentrating chambers, mining and excavation working surfaces and working platforms, various types of wellbore ladders, blasting Equipment warehouses, gas stations and flammable and combustible storage points, belts, open pits and slope angles, around transport vehicles and equipment.
Second, the main types, causes and characteristics of colored mine accidents
The main types of non-ferrous mine accidents are: ground pressure disasters, water disasters, fires, blasting injuries, poisoning and suffocation.
(1) The main manifestation of ground pressure disasters is open-air landslides. The roofs of underground mining yards fall, fall and fall down in a wide range. The goafs fall or fall in a large area, and the roadway or the face of the tunneling face will be covered and thrown. The main reasons for the occurrence of ground pressure disasters are: unreasonable mining sequence, failure to treat the goaf in time; unreasonable selection of mining methods and poor management of the roof of the stope; lack of effective means of support; poor inspection and negligence; improper operation of pumice The geological conditions of the ore are poor, the joint fissures are developed, and the ground stress is large.
Such disasters are closely related to lithology, rock mass structure and geological structure, such as engineering geological conditions, ground pressure management and support methods, often forming impact ground pressure and air shock waves, causing different levels of personnel injury and property losses. , causing the movement of the rock formation, the sinking of the surface and the destruction of the building (structure).
(2) The causes of flood accidents are: geological structures containing water in the process of mining, old scorpions or surface water bodies, no water exploration or unreasonable water exploration techniques; no signs of water inrush are detected in time; rainfall suddenly increases, causing underground The amount of water inrush suddenly increased; no design or construction of the drainage and drainage facilities was unreasonable; the mining face was accidentally connected with the surface water body and the cave.
Such disasters are sudden and rapid, and the resulting casualties and property losses are large. The mines are flooded and the mines are completely shut down.
(3) Non-ferrous mine fires are classified into internal fires and external fires according to the cause of fire. Caused by the formation of internal fires In addition to the characteristics of oxidative self-heating, the ore must also have heat accumulation conditions; when heat is accumulated, it will inevitably produce a warming phenomenon; the temperature rise will lead to accelerated oxidation of the ore, a vicious cycle occurs; When the ignition point of the substance is reached, a spontaneous combustion fire occurs. Internal fires can only occur in mines with spontaneous combustion deposits, and must have certain conditions. The cause of fire is very complicated; it is difficult to find in the initial stage, it is difficult to find the exact location of the fire source center, and it is difficult to extinguish such fires.
The causes of external fires are: various types of open flames igniting combustibles or combustibles; fires caused by transportation, storage and use of various oils; fires during the transportation, processing and use of explosives; electrical equipment The fire caused by insulation damage and poor performance; the fire inside and outside the pit is burned in a limited space and limited air flow, and it is easy to generate a large amount of toxic and harmful gas to reach a life-threatening concentration, which is very likely to cause a major accident.
(4) The main causes of blasting injury, poisoning and suffocation are: the nature of explosives and unqualified blasting equipment, encountering open flames, high temperature objects during transportation, strong vibration or friction, accidents; unreasonable charging and detonating processes Or illegal operation; blasting equipment library design is unreasonable, illegally issued or stored blasting equipment, there is a detonating source that can cause an explosion; illegal operation or ventilation system is unreasonable, the pit sign is unreasonable or no sign, causing the operator to enter or stay in the subject In the area where the gun smoke is polluted; the geological structure containing a large amount of suffocating gas, toxic and harmful gas and dust is suddenly encountered in the operation, and the personnel have no protective measures.
Such disasters are related to illegal operations and poor ventilation. They are sudden and the accidents may be expanded if the rescue process and methods are unreasonable.
Dangerous hazards such as dust, electrical hazards, noise and vibration, mechanical damage, object strikes, falling from heights and drowning are also present during the mining process.
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